:) FDD Downlink Throughput: We need to calculate the total physical resources. To cope with the different 5G NR use cases and demands per service, 3GPP defines the concept of bandwidth parts (BWP). Resource Element (RE): It is the smallest physical resource in NR, and it consists of one subcarrier during one OFDM symbol. In 5G, transmission can go up to 400MHz per carrier. Also note that, you can also calculate the same bandwidth . Guard Band Max Number of RB NRB 0 15 KHz 50 MHz 692.5 KHz 270 1 30 KHz 100 MHz 845 KHz 273 2 60 KHz 100 MHz 1370 KHz 135 Transmission Bandwidth Configuration NRB [RB . M SRS is the bandwidth of the SRS transmission expressed in number of resource blocks; Following three parameters are same with PUSCH power control parameters, you can find details above in PUSCH clause: P 0_PUSCH ,α, PL and f c (i) References: 3GPP 36.101, 3GPP 36.213, 3GPP36.331 As shown in Figure 3, the num- Allocation Type 1 . Each RB contains 12 subcarriers A single SS block spans 4 OFDM symbols on time axis and 240 subcarriers on frequency axis. of 5G by 2020, providing an optimal balance between coverage and capacity for cost efficient implementation. No of Resource Block with 10MHz bandwidth with a subcarrier spacing of 15KHz. How to calculate it ? All available spectrum is divided into Resource Blocks (RB). The services provided by 5G include several use cases enabled by the enhanced mobile broadband, massive machine-type communications, and . Equation is used to calculate the total number of subscribed users (N_SC) per resource blocks: Equation calculates throughput, and the first SNR is calculated. The below graph represent the number of Resource Blocks in 5G, with available bandwidths and subcarrier spacings. The number of resource blocks (RBs) available for each of those configurations is shown in Table 2 (TS 38.101-1). The maximum and minimum number of Resource blocks for downlink and uplink is defined as below (this is different from LTE) < 38.211 Table 4.4.2-1: Minimum and maximum number of resource blocks.> Following is the table that I converted the downlink portions of Table 4.4.2-1 into frequency Bandwidth just to give you the idea on what is the . For intra-band non-contiguous carrier aggregation Sub-block Bandwidth and Sub-block edges are defined as follows, see Figure 5.6A-2. Then how many Radio resources are required to be transmitted over the air. The simplest way to estimate 5G Throughput is to calculate the maximum data rate carried by a single Resource Block into one slot. Radio (NR) band n5 with channel bandwidth of 10MHz can accommodate up to 52 RBs (N RB . Number of layers. The next structure required to calculate data rate is a two dimensional block called the Resource Block (RB), which has a width of 12 subcarriers totalling 180 KHz, and length of seven symbols totalling 0.5 ms . Number of slots per frame is ten times of number of slots per sub frame. More Antennas (n): 5G utilizes arrays of antennas in both devices and towers to create spatial diversity. Bandwidth Up to 20 MHz Up to 100 MHz below 6 GHz Up to 400 MHz above 6 GHz Subcarrier spacing Fixed Variable Freq allocation UEs need to decode the whole BW Use of bandwidth parts "Always-on" signals Cell specific RS, PSS,SSS, PBCH Reduced always-on signals, the only one is the SS block The RB Number determines the contiguous amount of spectrum available to this bandwidth part starting from RB Offset within the containing Component Carrier. For SS/PBCH block in numerology 3 and 4, SSB common resource block is expressed in terms of 60Khz subcarrier spacing. 5G improves data rates by attacking the first two components of Shannon's Law directly: More Spectrum (W): 5G uses a wider range of frequencies to communicate between devices and towers. 5G . Number of bits in whole bandwidth = #PRB * bits = 100 * 1008 = 100800 bits per ms 4. As an example 20 MHz bandwidth has: 100 Resource Blocks in frequency domain; 1200 subcarriers in frequency domain; For normal cyclic prefix there are 14 OFDMA symbols during each 1 msec subframe; Computation of Bit Rate. 10 Waveforms . Choices: 0 to (max number of resource blocks - 1) Resource Mapping. In the frequency domain, a resource block con-sists of 12 consecutive subcarriers for the given subcarrier spacing. It is supposed to be the global standard for the air interface of 3GPP 5G networks. The LTE PRB calculation outputs FFT size and number of used subcarriers. For channel state estimation purposes, the UE may be configured to measure CSI-RS and estimate the downlink channel state based on the CSI-RS measurements. RB Number - Sets the number of RB available in this bandwidth part.. A resource block (RB) consists of 12 contiguous subcarriers. Keywords: cell planning, 5G base station, throughput, radio link budget 1. . . 5GTF: The 5G network implemented by American carrier Verizon for Fixed Wireless Access in late 2010s uses a pre-standard specification known as 5GTF (Verizon 5G Technical Forum). note: All calculations below is for 20MHz, for less bandwidth you just divide. A UE can be configured with up to four BWPs in the uplink or four BWPs in the downlink. It must be lower than or equal to the number of transmit and receive antennas. This is 20Gbps (downlink) and 10Gbps (uplink). The breakthrough 5G technology will unleash a massive Internet of Everything (IoE), where billions of connected devices, people, and processes will be simultaneously served. where the maximum number of SS/ PBCH block transmissions per carrier depends on the frequency band. Figure 4 shows two back-to-back PRBs. In NR, unlike LTE, the frame structure is not . 5G NR SS Block contents, position and function In the 5G NR downlink frame, SS blocks are transmitted towards UEs at regular intervals based on periodicity set (i.e. 5G NR frame Structure A frame has duration of 10 ms which consists of 10 subframes having 1ms duration each similar to LTE technology. This measurement is performed across N number of resource blocks (measurement bandwidth). This enables the system to be able to compartmentalise the data across standard numbers of subcarriers. In this type, the resource is allocated to one or more consecutive RBs. The default value is the max RB size for . In 4G/LTE, UEs support the maximum possible bandwidth of 20MHz. The NR specifications offer a range of bandwidth (BW) and subcarrier spacing (SCS) configurations. A table to map bandwidth on number of available RB is presented below. Lower frequencies already Different numerologies in 5G NR affect slot duration and TTI. The bandwidth in resource blocks (12 subcarriers per resource block) Subcarrier spacing: 15, 30, 60, 120, 240 (kHz) Cyclic prefix length: normal or extended. NOTE : Maximum 4 BWP can be specified in DL and UL. Table 5.3.5-1 Channel bandwidths for each NR band. symbol rate by the number of bits per symbol. 5G NR theoretical maximum data rates per layer. The mapping depends on the total number of RBs that are allocated in the channel and applies to both UL and DL. According to 3GPP specifications LTE channel bandwidth can be 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 MHz. The theoretical data rate (DR) is given by the formula (3) where ns represents the number of bits per symbol (8 bits for 256QAM), m represents the number of MIMO data streams, ncc represents number of component carriers for carrier aggregation, nsb represents number of sub-carriers, rb . number of more intelligent terminals and an . Default: Format A1 Bandwidth in resource blocks (RBs). One of the goals for 5G LTE is to reach data rates of 1GBs. So there are 16800 Symbols per ms or 16800000 Symbols per second or 16.8 Msps. Now each RB's is made up of 12 so we need 20RB's to radiate SSB block. Lmax - Sets the maximum number of possible SS/PBCH blocks in a transmission opportunity. Equation shows N_R B is the number of resource blocks and N_USER is the total number of users, where n is used for one user value. Channel quality. The same coding and modulation is applied to all groups of resource blocks belonging to the same L2 PDU scheduled to one user within one TTI and within a MIMO codeword. The calculation is based on the 3GPP TS 38.306 standard: NR User Equipment (UE) radio access capabilities and uses formula to obtain a 5G NR Throughput data rate in the DL (downlink) and the UL (uplink). < 38.104 v15.7 - Table 5.4.3.2-1: Synchronization Raster to SS block Resource Element Mapping > CSI-RSRP (CSI reference signal received power): CSI-RSRP is defined as the linear average over the power contributions of the resource elements of the antenna ports, which carry CSI-RS configured for RSRP measurements. Resource Block Definition In 5G, One NR Resource Block (RB) contains 12 sub-carriers in frequency domain similar to LTE. Below is a diagram showing the time and frequency allocation of SS/PBCH block. In the downlink, the subcarriers are split into resource blocks. Additionally, 5G uses higher-order modulations schemes to improve data rates when the signal to noise . i) Time duration for one frame (One radio frame, One system frame) is 10 ms. Outputs : Number of Resource Blocks per slot = 6; Number of Resource Blocks = 120; Number of used subcarriers = 72; In addition to CH BW the specifications also introduced bandwidth in terms of resource blocks (RB). ii) the number of samples in one frame (10 ms) is 307200 (307.200 K) samples. We first calculate the number of resource elements (RE) in a subframe (a subframe is 1 msec): 12 Subcarriers x 7 OFDMA Symbols x 25 Resource Blocks x 2 slots = 4,200 REs. Resource Blocks (PRBs). ETSI 3GPP TS 38.211 version 15.4.0 Release 15 1 ETSI TS 138 211 V15.4.0 (2019-04) Reference RTS/TSGR-0138211vf40 Keywords 5G ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles The availability of at least 100 MHz channel bandwidth per 5G network with the adoption of massive MIMO will boost peak, average and cell edge throughput with affordable complexity. See Configuration Index for more information. Further it is converted into bits per second depending on the how many bits a symbol can carry. An additional four BWPs can be configured in a supplementary uplink. Transmission Time Interval ( TTI) is composed of consecutive OFDM symbols in the time domain in a particular transmit direction. REVA is independent of channel conditions and allows easy derivation of an individual wireless link's throughput. NR uses flexible subcarrier spacing derived from basic 15 KHz subcarrier spacing used in LTE. Figure 5.6A-2. Fifth-generation (5G) technology will play a vital role in future wireless networks. To obtain the correct result, it is necessary to enter such important parameters as: mode of 5G network, number of aggregated carriers, number of MIMO layers, Bandwidth, Frequency range . When the resource allocation is specified in DCI, RB_Start and Number of Consecutive RBs within the BWP is combined into a specific single value called RIV(Resource . Therefore, a resource block can have total 72/84 resource elements. NR Physical Layer Specifications in 5G . The SNR is defined per resource element (RE) and applies to each receive antenna. We can see here two examples of how to define carriers in MathWorks 5G toolbox, one with 15 kilohertz subcarrier spacing and 216 resource blocks, and one with 30 kilohertz subcarrier . Set the SNR points to simulate. LTE Resource Block CALCULATOR EXAMPLE: Input : LTE Channel Bandwidth = 1.4 MHz. 6, 15, 25, 50, Therefore by design, it's possible for a 5G UE to communicate on a bandwidth smaller than the cell's channel bandwidth. SSB takes up 240 Subcarriers in 5G. Radio conditions impact user bit rates. The wider bandwidth the higher throughput. Consider the downlink transmission scheme in 5G NR. Example: 5G NR Throughput calculator Inputs: J (Number of CCs) =1, Qm, modulation order = 8 (i.e. A carrier is characterized by a subcarrier spacing, a number of resource blocks, and a starting resource. This resource element can be thought of as having two dimensions - width (one subcarrier, 15 KHz), and length (one symbol, 0.071428 ms). Each BWP has a fixed numerology (fixed subcarrier spacing, number and location of the resource block, symbol duration, etc. Source: Qualcomm 2018, slide 13. ). Typically, higher frequency and bandwidth carriers use a larger set of SS/PBCH opportunities to support a larger set of antenna beams. For this measurement, CSI-RS transmitted on antenna port(s) 3000 or 3000 and 3001 is used. Hence for μ = 2, there are 40 slots/frame. Information about the actual cell bandwidth, measured as number of resource blocks, is then provided on the BCH. This means that we have 100 radio frame per second. Carrier Bandwidth Part is a contiguous set of physical resource blocks,selected from a contiguous subset of the common resource blocks for a given numerology(u) on a given carrier. In frequency, resource blocks are either 12 x 15 kHz subcarriers or 24 x 7.5 kHz subcarriers wide The number of subcarriers used per resource block for most channels and signals is 12 subcarriers. It's impractical to expect every UE to support such a high bandwidth. 5G NR (New Radio) is a new air interface developed for the 5G network. There are 504 different reference-signal sequences defined for LTE, where each sequence corresponds to one of 504 different physical-layer cell identities. One resource block occupies 12 sub-carriers and 6/7 OFDM symbols. also transmit 5G-NR data sharing resource block in frequency and/or time. Number of transmit and receive antennas: 1, 2 or 4. So the minimum bandwidth required to radiate SSB is 20RB's. The point now to be noted is that the total bandwidth calculation will depend on the Subcarrier spacing which is different in 5G as compared to LTE. In other words, single 20MHz bandwidth to achieve up to 600Mbps downlink speed. This smaller portion is what's called Bandwidth Part (BWP). Minimum scheduling for user = 504 bits (0.5ms) + 504 bits (0.5ms) = 1008 bits per ms 3. The amount of uplink resources reserved for random access depends on the PRACH configuration, e.g., a typical case with PRACH format 0 is six resource blocks per radio frame, resulting in a relative overhead of 0.6%, 1.2%, and 2.4% for a channel bandwidth of 20, 10, and 5 MHz respectively. We￿rst develop a new metric, REVA, based on the number of PRBs available to a single Very Active bearer. Transmission is 2T2R MIMO = 2 * 100800 = 201600 bits per ms by two transmission 5. Uplink . The preamble format is determined by the Configuration Index, Bandwidth (FR1 or FR2) and Spectrum Type (Paired, Unpaired or Supplementary). The resource allocation area is defined by two parameters RB_Start and Number of Consecutive RBs within a specific BWP(BandWidth Part). No of Resource Block with 100MHz bandwidth with a subcarrier spacing of 30KHz. < 38.104 v15.7 - Table 5.4.3.2-1: Synchronization Raster to SS block Resource Element Mapping > Multiple SS blocks are carried in a SS burst. The theoretical data rate (DR) is given by the formula (3) where ns represents the number of bits per symbol (8 bits for 256QAM), m represents the number of MIMO data streams, ncc represents number of component carriers for carrier aggregation, nsb represents number of sub-carriers, rb . Slots per frame 10 20 40 80 160 5G NR numerology The carrier bandwidth can be divided into differently sized carrier bandwidth parts (BWP) to allow different QoS on the radio interface. An even smaller time-frequency resource used in the physical layer specifications is the resource element (RE) that refers to one subcarrier in one OFDM symbol. Looking at the bullet points for 20 MHz bandwidth above. Pre-standard implementations. Cite As. Source: Rohde & Schwarz 2019. One of the goals for 5G LTE is to reach data rates of 1GBs. more users per cell Keysight World: 5G NR Standards. In LTE resource block bandwidth is fixed to 180 KHz but in NR it is not fixed and depend on sub-carrier spacing. If I have LTE system with assumption of peak data rate is 86 Mbps (only 50 resource blocks (RB) are available out of 100 RB with LTE system bandwidth 20 MHz), and there are two users with data . 5G Coverage Footprint -Combination of Low and High Bands 5G600 LTE700 LTE-AWS 5G 3500 mMIMO 5G mm-waves 200 Mbps / 10 MHz 2 Gbps / 100 MHz 20 Gbps / 1000 MHz 10x capacity with LTE grid with massive MIMO IoT and critical communication with full coverage 1000x local capacity •High bands for capacity •Low band for IoT and low latency . • Maximum single-CC bandwidth is 400 MHz • Maximum number of CCs is 8 . Other channels, occupy 25% of whole resource = 151200 bits per ms = 151.2 mbps. Downlink carriers and resource blocks. To each carrier corresponds an OFDM resource grid. To reduce the number of resource blocks and upload time, this paper proposes an efficient resource management scheme that exploits D2D communication in the uplink case. By combining different number of symbols, different TTI durations are possible. This setting performs the same functionality as the Aggregation Table's per-carrier Bandwidth setting, but it may be more convenient to use this setting when working with a single carrier definition. • Bandwidth parts 5G Waveforms, Frame Structure and Numerology. It can be illustrated as below. The number of resource blocks is taken from Table 1, as recommended in [15], where the number of resource blocks is taken for a certain bandwidth and Where is: certain number of . Question: A reader Estuardo R. asks this question , " Azar, I have a question: how to know how many PRBs (physical resource blocks) are there are in 1.4 MHz or 5 MHz or 20 MHz. Physical resource block (PRB) pair in LTE and LTE-M. 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