Alfred Russel Wallace, OM, FRS (8 January 1823 – 7 November 1913) was a British naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist and biologist. Alfred Russel Wallace. separates organisms on islands associated with mainland Asia or mainland Australia. Wallace, (born January 8, 1823, Usk, Monmouthshire, Wales—died November 7, 1913, Broadstone, Dorset, England), British humanist, naturalist, geographer, and social critic.He became a public figure in England during the second half of the 19th century, known for his courageous views on scientific, social, and spiritualist … His "line" traces a division rooted tens of millions of years in the past when the configuration of continents was very different than today. Figure 3. The Wallace Line or Wallace’s Line is a faunal boundary line drawn in 1859 by the British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace and named by English biologist Thomas Henry Huxley that separates the biogeographical realms of Asia and Wallacea, a transitional zone … Alfred Russell Wallace noticed that different regions of the world had congruent patterns of endemic species and he drew up six biogeographic realms (see fig. 18.2, pg. 510; nearctic, neotropical, holarctic, ethiopian, oriental and australian). The northern boundary is the Wallace Line.. the study of where organisms live on Earth now and where they and their ancestors lived in the past. Alfred Russel Wallace: The ‘Father of Biogeography’ It was Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913) who drew this thin line that changed forever how humans think about themselves. The Wallace Line or Wallace’s Line is a faunal boundary line drawn in 1859 by the British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace and named by English biologist Thomas Henry Huxley that separates the biogeographical realms of Asia and Wallacea, a transitional zone … In the mid-19th century, the British naturalist and explorer Alfred Russel Wallace traveled to the Amazon Basin and the Malay Archipelago (located between China and Australia) to build on the work of Charles Darwin and study how and why the flora and faunawere distributed. Wallace’s 1876 book, The Geographic Distribution of Animals, has plates depicting the animal life of the biogeographic regions he identified. On the centenary of his death, Penny van Oosterzee pays tribute to his significant contribution to evolutionary theory. -It divides two geographic regions that Wallace realized had quite different biota. Show the two supplemental animations linked on the “Discovering the Wallace Line” activity page. Journal of Biogeography (J. The ecozone includes Australia, the island of New Guinea (including Papua New Guinea and the Indonesian province of Papua).. The Wallace Line does not actually exist in reality. Phytogeography is the branch of biogeography that studies the distribution of plants. Dividing Species: Wallace Line Map. EVALUATE: Collect completed handout (s) for assessment. The Wallace Line, a faunal boundary line discovered and mapped by Alfred Russel Wallace in 1859, delineates an area of separation between Southeast Asian fauna and those coming from the Australasian side. Why is the Wallace line important in the biogeography test? The islands are only 35 km apart. He went first to the Amazon River basin with Henry Walter Bates, and … Reply. Alfred Wallace. Alfred Russel Wallace – Father of Biogeography. Nature 406: 692-693. Alfred Wallace, The Wallace Line and The Coral Triangle Alfred Russel Wallace (8 January 1823 – 7 November 1913) was a British naturalist, biologist and explorer most famous for conceiving the theory of evolution through natural selection. Wallace and Charles Darwin each struggled with the precise location of the The field is divided into three disciplines of biogeography: historical, ecological and conservation. Other articles where Huxley’s Line is discussed: biogeographic region: Oriental region: Huxley’s line is considered a more appropriate delineation by some zoogeographers (e.g., G.G. This biogeographical feature - based on nearly eight years of field work in the East Indian Archipelago between 1854 and 1862 - passes through the islands of the archipelago, dividing Bali from Lombok and Borneo from Celebes.2 Less well-known is Wallace's other line, which Wallace pushed the study of biogeography to grander scales than Darwin. 2000 Aug 17;406(6797):692-3. doi: 10.1038/35021135. ( London Stereoscopic & Photographic Company) The relationship between Wallace's line and evolutionary theory is explored here. Introduce students to the map by having them identify the countries on either side of the line. -Climate is defined as the prevailing long-term weather conditions in a particular region. Wallace’s Line should be recognized as a filter zone, reflecting both his original intent and available taxonomic and molecular evidence. Observed how different species were distributed in the world. Alexander E. White, Kushal K. Dey, Matthew Stephens, Trevor D. Price, Sandra Nogué Dispersal syndromes drive the formation of biogeographical regions, illustrated by the case of Wallace’s Line, Global Ecology and Biogeography 30, no.3 3 (Jan 2021): 685–696. The Wallace Line Separating the fauna of the Oriental realm from that of Australia and New Guinea, the Lombok Strait between Bali and Lombok is only 25 kilometres wide. Use context clues to decide on which side of the line the pictured animals belong. Authors P H Barber 1 , S R Palumbi, M V Erdmann, M K Moosa. Although vicariance across Wallace's Line was only supported for one arthropod taxon, divergence time estimates were consistent with a “tectonic dispersal” vicariance hypothesis from the East in three (invertebrate and vertebrate) taxa. Bergman SC, Coffield DQ, Talbot JP, Garrard, RA (1996) Tertiary Tectonic and magmatic evolution of western Sulawesi and the Makassar Strait, Indonesia: evidence for a Miocene continent-continent collision. Wallace had already accepted evolution when he began his travels in 1848 through the Amazon and Southeast Asia. This paper examines how the 19th-century British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace used biogeographical mapping practices to draw a boundary line between Malay and Papuan groups in the colonial East Indies in the 1850s. (2013) An Update of Wallace’s Zoogeographic Regions of the World. In in this resource, we look at the the life of Alfred Russel Wallace and his exploration of the Malay Archipelago. We explore the geological and geographic setting of Wallacea, and the distribution of animals and plants in relation to Wallace’s Line. This activity reinforces concepts presented in the short film The Making of a Theory. -Climate is defined as the prevailing long-term weather conditions in a particular region. Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time.Organisms and biological communities often vary in a regular fashion along geographic gradients of latitude, elevation, isolation and habitat area. Vicariance cannot be refuted for 20% of the analyzed taxa, though. It signifies the unexpected distribution of animals on either side of the line. What is the meaning of the Wallace line? 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